Differences

What are the differences between lithium batteries and lithium ion batteries?

There are several important differences, but from a practical standpoint; most lithium batteries are not rechargeable but lithium ion batteries are rechargeable.

Looking at it from a chemical standpoint; lithium batteries use lithium in its pure metallic form as the anode while lithium ion batteries use lithium compounds which are much more stable than the elemental lithium used in lithium batteries.